American Museum of Natural History
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Detectable from every direction as a whisper of microwave radiation, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the oldest, most distant feature of the observable Universe. A better understanding of that primal moment promises to reveal a great deal about the true fabric, and ultimate fate, of the Universe. This science bulletin travels to the U.S. Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, where an instrument called DASI measures the CMB, and...
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Although Dave (LeVar Burton) and his family are poor sharecroppers in the Deep South in the 1930s, this 15-year-old's problem is shared by teenagers in every era: he stands with one foot in adulthood and the other in childhood. "Almos' a man" yet still treated like a child, Dave struggles for an identity - and there's one thing, one symbol of manhood, he thinks, that could guarantee him instant respect: a gun. Dave finds a way to buy a pistol, and...
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Welcome to Beverly Hills, California, where some of America's wealthiest citizens have created their own personal versions of paradise. But don't get too comfortable-this program whisks viewers off to Mexico City and Lilongwe, Malawi, as well, showing how different life can be in all three parts of the world and how globalization has amplified the economic gaps between them. In addition, the film provides an extensive analysis of the development of...
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Oxygen is key to Earth's success as a habitable planet. But where did it come from? And when and how did it begin to transform the early atmosphere? This science bulletin explains how scientists are coming to understand oxygen's origins - not by studying ancient air, but by retracing its impact on Earth's surface.
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This science bulletin depicts the emotional reintroduction of takhi to their last known home range in Mongolia's Gobi desert. Takhi, also known as Przewalski's horse, is the last surviving horse species that has never been domesticated. An important national symbol for Mongolians, the takhi also serves as an important case study for conservation biologists who struggle to support the viability of thousands of species verging on extinction.
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Our understanding of the Universe and the technology used to observe it is constantly evolving. When Edwin Hubble discovered that the Universe was expanding in 1929 with galaxies becoming increasingly distant from one another, scientists reasoned that the gravitational attraction between galaxies would slow the expansion rate of the Universe. But then in 1998 two teams of scientists discovered that the expansion rate of the universe was not in fact...
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Beautiful, complex, and enigmatic, rainforests are time capsules from the ancient Earth. They carry the genetic inheritance of millions of years of evolution, and although they are home to half the world's living species, much of their elaborate web of life is still waiting to be discovered. Filmed in woodlands on the slopes of Australia's Mount Warning, this program provides a stunning example of rainforest habitat as it examines the area's unusual...
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Although stem cells hold promise as direct therapy for human diseases, many researchers are even more enthusiastic about the opportunity to use stem cells to study disease fundamentals. Watch this science bulletin to learn how clinicians and researchers are involving diabetes patients in the search for a cure by developing new stem cell lines from their DNA.
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As urban and suburban sprawl continue to spread across the country, road mortality has been found to be a major factor in the decline of turtle populations throughout the Northeast. This science bulletin visits the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, where, in the hopes of informing future development, researchers are radio-tracking wood turtles to better quantify their movement patterns and habitat needs.
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In January 2004, two NASA rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, landed on Mars and began to explore the planet's surface. Their mission: to probe the exotic Martian geology for signs of water, past or present. In this science bulletin, scientists at NASA explain the goals and challenges of the current Mars mission, and how evidence of water could bolster the possibility that life may once have existed on Mars.
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On the world's fourth-largest island, and virtually nowhere else, lives an entire "infraorder" of primates: the three dozen or so lemur species. But Madagascar has radically transformed since another primate - humans - arrived 2,000 years ago. Rampant deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and other anthropogenic factors are impacting lemurs much faster than evolution can mitigate the effects. This science bulletin follows American and Malagasy scientists...
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With its hexagonal mirror array 11 meters across, the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) is the largest single optical telescope in the southern hemisphere. This science bulletin takes a close-up look at SALT. Equipped with a rapid-shutter camera and imaging spectrometer, SALT promises to give us a better understanding of the distribution and dynamics of matter in the Universe.
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In the 1600s, New York City's Bronx River was a drinking water source and a sylvan haven for beaver, oysters, and herring. It became blighted as urbanization progressed, transforming into an industrial power source, an open sewer, and a garbage dump. Today, landscape ecologists are reconstructing the waterway's ecological history as a reference point for its restoration effort. In this science bulletin, conservation teams coax new life into the Bronx...
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Less than 100 miles from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is Prudhoe Bay, North America's largest oil field. In section 1002 of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, which created ANWR, Congress deferred a decision regarding future management of 1.5 million acres of North Slope coastal plain (called the 1002 area) in recognition of the area's potential as an oil and gas reserve as well as its significance as a unique wildlife...
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Astrophysicists are discovering new extrasolar planets - those outside our Solar System - almost daily. NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope (originally called SIRTF, or the Space Infrared Telescope Facility) and AMNH's Lyot Project Coronograph are two of the many technologies uncovering the attributes and evolution of these faraway worlds. The techniques employed by these instruments may one day help answer one of astronomy's reigning mysteries: do any...
16) Acid Oceans
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If you're an ocean creature with a hard shell - like a sea urchin, a hermit crab, or a coral polyp - you prefer ocean water with a pH of about 8.2. This chemistry makes it easy to assemble your armor from carbon-based building blocks dissolved in the ocean. Since the beginning of the industrial age, though, the ocean has been absorbing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the air. The increase in carbon dioxide has made the ocean's pH more acidic,...
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Collisions between space objects are a vital part of the evolution of our Solar System. Most of Earth's impact craters have been wiped away due to plate tectonics, but evidence of such cosmic catastrophes, such as Arizona's 50,000-year-old meteor crater, do remain. When is Earth due for another major blast? This science bulletin introduces viewers to the professional and amateur astronomers who may be the first to know: first at LINEAR, a near-earth...
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On September 30, 2010, a NASA space telescope called the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, completed its sweeping goal: to record observations of the entire sky in infrared light. The WISE science team is now sifting through the telescope's two million images to spot objects that no astronomer has ever seen before. WISE's most intriguing finds will include mysterious objects called brown dwarfs, blacker-than-coal asteroids, and the Universe's...
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Most, though not all, anthropologists agree that human culture, imagination, and symbolic thought emerged approximately 45,000 years ago. The evidence ranges from fantastic cave paintings and elaborate graves to the first fishing equipment and sturdily built huts. When, why, and what brought on this burst of modern behavior is the subject of much research. This science bulletin focuses on the field research of one of the recently excavated sites in...
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The MESSENGER orbiter's January 2008 flyby of the planet Mercury was historic. The last time a spacecraft visited was 1975, and it only mapped half the planet. MESSENGER is now sending back a complete picture of Mercury, shedding light on its geological history. But the ongoing mission will return much more than images. Its data on the planet's core, magnetic field, composition, and other attributes will help scientists answer pressing questions about...